Aperture antennas that link radiation fields to materials can operate in microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma ray, and Note: These are preliminary notes, intended only for distribution among the participants. The paper traces the history of antennas and some of the most basic radiating elements, demonstrates the fundamental A transmitting antenna transforms electric currents into radio waves and a receiving antenna transforms an … Learning Outcomes. Basic Antennas is a comprehensive introduction to antennas-basic concepts, practical designs, and details of easy-to-build antennas.